Officers were referred to as "chekists", a name that is still informally applied to people under the Federal Security Service of Russia, the KGB's successor in Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. a strong secret, or political, police to buttress their rule.

History at your fingertips This article was most recently revised and updated by The Russian Revolution (February Revolution and October Revolution) Just as the Okhrana had once sponsored trade unions to divert activist energy from political causes, so too did the secret police attempt to promote the Bolshevik party, as the Bolsheviks seemed a relatively harmless alternative to more violent revolutionary groups. Secret-police Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Generally clandestine, secret police have operated independently of the civil police. In 1922 the Cheka was reorganized as the GPU (State Political Administration), and in 1934 it was renamed the NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs).

November 15, 1923: GPU leaves the NKVD and becomes all-union OGPU under direct control of the July 10, 1934: NKVD of the Russian SFSR ceases to exist and transforms into the all-union NKVD of the USSR; OGPU becomes February 3, 1941: The GUGB of the NKVD was briefly separated out into the NKGB, then merged back in, and then on April 14, 1943 separated out again. Yezhov was apparently arrested and shot on Stalin’s orders, and Beria became head of the secret police (1938–53). Beria was the longest-lived and most influential of Stalin's secret police chiefs, wielding his most substantial influence during and after World War II. Secret police, Police established by national governments to maintain political and social control. Beria was brought to Moscow in 1938 as the deputy to Nikolay Yezhov, head of the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the Soviet secret police. After the shah’s government fell, SAVAK and other intelligence services were eliminated and new services were created, though many low- and mid-level intelligence personnel were retained or……begins with the Cheka, the secret police established by the Bolsheviks in 1917. Amid the rush of victory, the crowd stared up at a mammoth, 16-ton monument to “Iron Felix” Dzerzhinsky, the founder and patron saint of the Soviet secret police.

For most agencies listed here secret policing operations were only part of their function; for instance, the February 6, 1922: Cheka transforms into GPU, a department of the NKVD of the Russian SFSR. May 30, 1947: Official decision with the expressed purpose of "upgrading coordination of different intelligence services and concentrating their efforts on major directions".

The functions of the OGPU were transferred t By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.

Cheka, also called Vecheka, early Soviet secret police agency and a forerunner of the KGB (q.v. The first secret police, called the Cheka, was established in December 1917 as a temporary institution to be abolished once Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks had consolidated their power.

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs, abbreviated NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn!

Particularly notorious examples were the Nazi Gestapo, the Russian KGB, and the East German Stasi.

During World War II several further reorganizations occurred, out of which grew… Following the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, he was responsible for organising the Katyn massacre.

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