The South Asian river-dolphin lives in two river systems – the Ganges of Nepal, India and Bangladesh and the Indus of Pakistan, and the dolphins have local names in each country. Flood control schemes, embankments, dams and barrages inhibit the annual flood cycle and disrupt the natural river flow, reducing the natural variability and thereby biodiversity.The most optimistic estimate for the Indus dolphin is about 500 individuals and pessimistic counts are as low as 250. They have very wide flippers for stabilization in turbulent river waters, a small and stocky body, almost no dorsal fin and an extremely long beak… They can either be the dolphins' protectors or just another factor in the ultimate disappearance of these unique animals.

Their vision is likely to have degenerated as a result of poor visibility in murky, sediment-laden river water.

These features help to concentrate nutrients and fish in the river. If we are even to begin to protect the river dolphins of South Asia, it is imperative to raise local people's awareness. The South Asian dolphins often occur in water as shallow as 30 centimetres deep so they turn and swim on their sides.

The South Asian river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is a freshwater or river dolphin found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan.. Even so, river dolphins are found in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh and in some areas of land-locked Nepal. The dolphins have developed a sonar system to "see" their environment, and they can navigate, locate prey, boats and other dolphins and differentiate between the size and species of fish with this echo-location system.The tropical large river ecosystem in which the dolphins occur is not an isolated unit. Nowadays both these species are absent from much of their former upstream range and are recorded in fewer and fewer numbers in the lower regions.

Whatever the exact number, the Indus dolphin is unlikely to survive unless steps are taken to ensure its protection.The Ganges dolphin has a wider distribution and is in less immediate danger of extinction, with current population estimates of about 5,000. This side-swimming behaviour is not seen in any other species of cetacean. However, both the Indus and the Ganges dolphin are at risk from pollution by pesticides and fertilizers and from agricultural practices on the floodplains. *Gill Braulik is a marine biologist currently working with WWF-Pakistan Description & Behavior. These two subspecies of the South Asian River Dolphin are: the Indus River Dolphin, and the Ganges River Dolphin. There are a few species, however, like the South Asian river dolphin and the Amazon river dolphin, or boto, that live in freshwater streams and rivers. The South Asian river-dolphin lives in two river systems – the Ganges of Nepal, India and Bangladesh and the Indus of Pakistan, and the dolphins have local names in each country. Although schools of 3-10 individuals have been observed, Ganges river dolphins are not classified as gregarious as they are most commonly found alone.The life span of the Ganges river dolphin is thought to be about 26 years.Indus river dolphins are generally a solitary species; however groups of up to 30 dolphins have been observed. They can either be the dolphins' protectors or just another factor in the ultimate disappearance of these unique animals.

However, both the Indus and the Ganges dolphin are at risk from pollution by pesticides and fertilizers and from agricultural practices on the floodplains. They have very wide flippers for stabilization in turbulent river waters, a small and stocky body, almost no dorsal fin and an extremely long beak.

More tragically, the last surviving dolphins are separated into three subpopulations and isolated from each other by barrages and this isolation makes them more vulnerable to other threats.The Ganges River dolphin lives in one of the world’s most densely populated areas. When Pilleri observed the dolphins in the clear water of his laboratory, he noticed they were swimming on their sides almost all the time, becoming upright only when surfacing to breathe.The South Asian dolphins often occur in water as shallow as 30 centimetres deep so they turn and swim on their sides. *Gill Braulik is a marine biologist currently working with WWF-Pakistan The river dolphins of South Asia are blind, anti-social animals that spend most of their lives swimming on their sides. The Yangtze dolphin has been the victim of rapid industrialization and fishing in China, and it is likely to become extinct in the near future. This side-swimming behaviour is not seen in any other species of cetacean.Superficially, the South Asian river dolphins do not look like other dolphins. The South Asian dolphins often occur in water as shallow as 30 centimetres deep so they turn and swim on their sides. They have very wide flippers for stabilization in turbulent river waters, a small and stocky body, almost no dorsal fin and an extremely long beak. This blindness is not a disability but an adaptation to living in turbid river environments. – There are only about 1,000 such species left in the world. Common Name: South Asian River Dolphin, Blind River Dolphin, Ganges Susu (Ganges River Dolphin subspecies), Bhulan (Indus River Dolphin subspecies). This side-swimming behaviour is not seen in any other species of cetacean.Superficially, the South Asian river dolphins do not look like other dolphins. The sounds they do emit are described as intermittent pulses.Some paleontologists believe that river dolphins may have evolved during the Indus river dolphins also reach sexual maturity at about 10 years of age, and are thought to mate year round as calves are born throughout the year.

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