Fighting continued until 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn, where Robert the Bruce and his army defeated Edward II, a major turning point in his rule.A letter written in Latin, signed by Scottish Barons and Nobles, and sent to Pope John XXII, the Declaration proclaimed Scotland’s status as an independent sovereign state. Mary is suspected of organising the murder of Darnley with her lover the Earl of Bothwell (James Hepburn). The history of Scotland is as fascinating as it is complex. In 1290 his heir, the Maid of Norway dies on the voyage to Scotland. Mary's husband Francis diesDarnley is strangled and blown up by a gunpowder explosion in a house. Neolithic Age The earliest prehistoric tools found still surviving in Scotland date from 3000 BC – during the Neolithic age Scotland was home to nomadic hunter-gatherers as well as the first farmers who built permanent dwellings. The Scottish Parliament building at the foot of the Royal Mile officially opened on October 9, 2004.In 2012, the Edinburgh Agreement was signed by Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond and UK Prime Minister David Cameron. Not surprisingly life expectancy is short and infant mortality is high. To read about the background to these events, see History of Scotland. Our Timeline.

Visit Scotland’s recorded history began with the arrival of the Roman Empire.

Also in this section A second referendum was held in September 1997, with the vote delivering greater powers.

Also in this section Mary marries Bothwell and the Scots rise in rebellion.

If you continue without changing your settings, we’ll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on Scotland.org. On 21 September the Jacobites defeat the British army at Prestonpans. Mining, shipbuilding and textiles were very important to Scotland’s development during this time.Scottish soldiers played a significant role in the First World War and Glasgow’s Clyde side was an important centre during the war as well – products from the shipyards, steel works and iron foundaries were vital to the war effort.The drilling of the first North Sea oil well was considered a major industrial achievement of the time, creating a huge supporting industry in Scotland and giving the UK access to oil made at home for the first time.Films like Braveheart and Trainspotting helped to establish Scotland as a cultural powerhouse; authors, artists and musicians from Scotland were enjoying renewed success.

Unable to defeat the Caledonians and Picts, the Romans eventually withdrew and over time retreated away from Britain. In Edinburgh a riot begins in St Giles Cathedral.Desperately short of money to pay his soldiers King Charles is forced to make a peace treaty with the Covenanters.Charles goes to war with the Covenanters again but his army quickly retreats before the ScotsThe parliamentarians persuade the Scots to join in the war on their side by promising to make the English church Presbyterian. Scotland has experienced extraordinary growth and change during the course of its lifetime - it’s a place that has been invaded and settled many times and that has made mighty contributions to culture and society.The history of Scotland is fascinating and complex; there are Roman soldiers, Vikings, noble clansmen, powerful ruling monarchs and even enlightened philosophers.Scotland has experienced extraordinary growth and change during the course of its lifetime - it’s a place that has been invaded and settled many times and that has made mighty contributions to culture and society.The period of earliest known occupation of Scotland by man is from the Palaeolithic era – also known as the Stone Age. Charles II is crowned in Scotland and invades England. He also promotes trade by standardizing weights and measures and by starting royal mints. In 1999 the Scottish Parliament reconvened for the first time in nearly 300 years, ushering in a new era for the Scottish people. Rich landowners decide that raising sheep or cattle would be more profitable than traditional farming. When Elizabeth I died with no children, James VI succeeded to the English throne and became James VI & I – a historic move that’s now known as the Union of the Crowns.In 1707 The Act of Union brought Scotland even closer to Britain by creating a single Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain at the Palace of Westminster.The Battle of Culloden in 1746 was the final Jacobite rising and the last battle fought on British soil.

However he is captured by English pirates while at sea. Scottish History Timeline Whether its MacBeth or Hardie, the Reformation or Post-war Reconstruction, you are one click away from discovering Scotland's historical wealth. In England, worried about the possibility of a Catholic plot against her, Elizabeth I imprisoned Mary and later, after almost 19 years of captivity, had her executed at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire in 1567 at the age of 44.James VI succeeded the throne at just 13 months old after Mary was forced to abdicate. The Jacobites march south as far as Derby but withdraw.On 16 April the Jacobites are crushed at Culloden. He selects John Balliol but as the price of his arbitration he demands that Scotland becomes a vassal of England.John Balliol rebels against Edward. The rebels win the battle of Killiecrankie but Dundee is killed and the rebellion collapses.John Erskine, the Earl of Mar raises the Highlands in support of James II. David I becomes king.

Mary is forced to abdicate and James I becomes king.Charles I tries to make the Scottish Kirk accept a new prayer book. Margaret, daughter of the Scottish king, becomes queen of Norway.Alexander III dies. By the Solemn League and Covenant the Scots agree to join parliament in its struggle.The Scots hand Charles over to the English parliament. The Jacobites were no match for the Hanoverian army – the battle lasted just an hour and the army was brutally crushed.Shortly after the defeat of the Jacobites at Culloden, a period known as the Highland Clearances began. The English depose John Balliol and capture Scottish castles. Also in this section His son James Edward Stuart is born this year.

This is a timeline of Scottish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Scotland and its predecessor states.

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