Overinflection: Many languages with inflection, as a result of convention, tend to inflect more words in a given phrase than actually needed in order to express a single grammatical property. The following lines from John Keats’s “Isabella” (1820), for example, proleptically anticipate the assassination of a living character:.

All of these constructions originate from the application of Seemingly "useless" additions and substitutions must be contrasted with similar constructions that are used for stress, humour or other intentional purposes, such as: The word “own” is redundant in each bold phrase. Some pleonastic phrases are part of a language's idiom, like "safe haven" and "tuna fish" in When expressing possibility, English speakers often use potentially pleonastic expressions such as: Some pleonastic phrases, when used in professional or scholarly writing, may reflect a standardized usage that has evolved over time; or a precise meaning familiar to specialists, but not necessarily to those outside that discipline.

Disclaimer: Except for the definitions, I do not own any of the images used in … Such confusions are common in richly bi-lingual areas like Most find it best to not even drop articles when using proper nouns made from foreign languages:

A sentence may not need a subject to have valid meaning, but to satisfy the syntactic requirement for an explicit subject a pleonastic (or dummy) pronoun is used; only the first sentence in the following pair is acceptable English: Take for example the German, Die alten Frauen sprechen. Pleonasm is derived from a Greek word that means “excess.” It is a rhetorical device that can be defined as the use of two or more words (a phrase) to express an idea.These words are redundant, such as in these examples of pleonasm” “burning fire,” and “black darkness.”Sometimes, pleonasm is called “tautology,” which is the repetition of words.

A rarer, more constructed form is As with cognate objects, these constructions are not redundant because the repeated words or derivatives cannot be removed without removing meaning or even destroying the sentence, though in most cases they could be replaced with non-related synonyms at the cost of style (e.g., compare "The only thing we have to fear is terror".) This is a syntactic pleonasm.Pleonastic words are employed to achieve linguistic, poetic, and literary effects. However, pleonasm is a combination of two or more words which are more than those required for clear expression. The latter of these is a result of Yiddish influences on modern English, especially Sometimes editors and grammatical stylists will use "pleonasm" to describe simple wordiness. Epanalepsis is a rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at regular intervals: a refrain. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. "Post-traumatic stress disorder" (shellshock) and "pre-owned vehicle" (used car) are both tumid euphemisms but are not redundant. Enrich your vocabulary with the English Definition dictionary Penny's poetry pages Wiki is a FANDOM Books Community.Haegeman, L. (1991). Similarly, even though Vigorous writing is concise.

The redundancy of these two well-known statements is deliberate, for Redundancy, and "useless" or "nonsensical" words (or phrases, or morphemes) can also be inherited by one language from the influence of another, and are not pleonasms in the more critical sense, but actual changes in grammatical construction considered to be required for "proper" usage in the language or dialect in question. This is most common with The words need not be etymologically related, but simply conceptually, to be considered an example of cognate object: Or you could decide to order some "extra accessories" with your new camera, where a certain set of accessories are provided as part of the package and others must be ordered separately. (Jonathan Haidt, The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom.Basic Books, 2006) Jeff: You probably just Britta’d the test results.

This same pleonastic style remains very common in modern poetry and songwriting (e.g., "Anne, with her father / is out in the boat / riding the water / riding the waves / on the sea", from Semantic pleonasm is more a question of style and usage than grammar. The relevant context can be as local as a neighbouring word, or as global as the extent of a speaker's knowledge. This phenomenon is also called The reader or hearer does not have to be told that loud music has a sound, and in a newspaper headline or other abbreviated prose can even be counted upon to infer that "burglary" is a proxy for "sound of the burglary" and that the music necessarily must have been loud to drown it out, unless the burglary was relatively quiet (this is not a trivial issue, as it may affect the legal culpability of the person who played the music); the word "loud" may imply that the music should have been played quietly if at all.

These sentences use phrases which mean, respectively, "the the restaurant restaurant", "the the tar tar", and "with with". The second sentence, which omits the pleonastic Two more striking examples of French pleonastic construction are the word "There are examples of the pleonastic, or dummy, negative in English, such as the construction, heard in the New England region of the United States, in which the phrase "So don't I" is intended to have the same positive meaning as "So do I." The most common definitely pleonastic morphological usage in English is "In some cases, the redundancy in meaning occurs at a syntactic level above the word, such as at the phrase level:

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