Key points ––Minimum and no-till farming practices have been linked to an increase in earwig populations. 2007, 2011). Adults can use the cerci in defense, twisting the abdomen forward over the head or sideways to engage an enemy, often another earwig. 2007, 2011). of changes in farming practices.

The forceps of some males are 3/16 inch (5 mm) long, while others have forceps 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) long (Jacobs 2009). Other earwigs are abundant in North America, but few are as numerous as European earwig, and none are as damaging. Dark brown body.Omnivore. European Earwigs can occur in large numbers at times. Also, it is not very tolerant of arid environments, but survives where irrigation is practiced. The most comprehensive treatment of European earwig biology is by Crumb et al. The female drives the male from the nest at the time of oviposition. 2002), of citrus orchards in southern Europe (Romeu-Dalmau et al. Forficula auricularia, the common earwig or European earwig, is an omnivorous insect in the family Forficulidae. Group: Animals. Social behavior is weakly developed in European earwig. In Washington, these events occur about one month earlier (Crumb et al.

Introduced to Australia. Tender foliage and flower petals may be completely devoured. Details: Description: Type: Invertebrate.

Although the female normally keeps the eggs in a pile, as the time for hatching approaches she spreads the eggs in a single layer. In British Columbia, eggs are deposited in late winter, eggs hatch in May, and nymphs attain the adult stage in August. Lifting rocks, logs, and BBQ grill covers may reveal a group of them. (1941), although the publications by Jones (1917) and Fulton (1924) are informative.

2012), and of kiwi orchards in New Zealand (Logan et al. Eggs are manipulated frequently, apparently cleaning them to prevent growth of fungi. The majority of earwig species hold similarities of body type that include pincers, long … Among flowers most often injured are dahlia, carnation, pinks, sweet william, and zinnia. Seedlings and plants providing the earwigs with good shelter, such as the heads of cauliflower, the stem bases of chard, and the ears of corn, are particularly likely to be eaten, and also to be contaminated with fecal material. 1993). The Adults bear a set of cerci at the tip of the abdomen. However, it is often intercepted in Florida and other southeastern states, arriving in shipments of produce and other products, as well as hitchhiking on motor homes and other vehicles (Paul Choate, personal comunication). The European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus) is the type of earwig showcased above and most commonly identified within the United States. Thus, there is parental care, but no cooperative brood care (Lamb 1976). The economic status of earwigs is subject to dispute. They produce an aggregation pheromone in their feces that is attractive to both sexes and to nymphs, and release quinones as defensive chemicals from abdominal glands (Walker et al. Undoubtedly earwigs sometimes incur damage to vegetable and flower crops, both by leaf consumption and fruit injury. European earwigs have emerged as a pest of increasing significance in the past five to ten years as a result. Multipurpose In these situations it can be a pest and damage young plants, whereas the native Brown Earwig is regarded as beneficial in the garden and is known to attack pests such as the Codling Moth. It spread quickly, and was reported from Oregon in 1909, British Columbia in 1919, and California in 1923. Web Search Engines for Articles on "European Earwig" WorldCat; Google Scholar; Google Books; Science.gov; Additional Sources of Information Related to "Insects" Alberta Lepidopterists' Guild Bees - Discover Life BugGuide.net Bumble Bee Species Accounts at Montana Entomology Collection Bumble Bee … Earwigs are odd looking insects which have pincers or forceps protruding from the abdomen. Ripe fruit such as apple, apricot, peach, plum, pear, and strawberry are sometimes reported to be damaged.

Stable temperature encourages activity, and activity is favored by higher minimum temperatures but discouraged by higher maximum temperatures. Occasionally, earwigs damage soft parts of plants.

They curve inward, like old-fashioned calipers. Males and females mate in late summer or autumn, and then construct a subterranean tunnel (nest) in which they overwinter. It reached Rhode Island in 1911, New York in 1912, and most other provinces and northern states in the 1930s and 1940s. Their nighttime activity is influenced by weather. Legs are yellow. After hatching, females continue to guard the nymphs and provide them with food. They can be a pest as they damage young plants. 2007, He et al.

Earwigs belong to the Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, and Order Dermaptera. The pincers are at the end of the abdomen and are also dark. European Earwigs … However, the physical presence of earwigs as crop contaminants is perhaps even more important, because most people find their presence and odor repulsive.

This insect is omnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of plant and animal matter. European Earwigs can occur in large numbers at times.
Also eats vegetable matter including flowers, fungi and algae.Hides in leaf debris, cracks and crevices during the day. The annoyance associated with their presence is exacerbated by the tendency of earwigs to aggregate, often in association with human habitations; most people simply find them annoying.The propensity of European earwig to consume other insects is an important element in offsetting their reputation as a crop pest.
The European earwig is reported to consume aphids, spiders, caterpillar pupae, leaf beetle eggs, scale insects, spiders, and springtails as well as vegetable matter.

The European earwig, Forficula auricularia, is a polyphagous insect that is native to large parts of Europe and western Asia as far east as western Siberia.

They have been shown to feed on various pests such as aphids, scale insects, psyllids, and midges (He et al. Their pincers are designed for use in defense against other earwigs (males fighting for females) as well as against predators in self-defense.

European Earwig.


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